Baking Glossary

Cuts made on the surface of the dough just prior to baking. Scoring controls the expansion of the loaf in the oven and creates a distinctive pattern on the baked …

Seeds are little nutritional packages, containing everything needed for a plant to germinate. This means they are rich in fibre, fats, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Different seeds bring different nutritional …

The essential trace mineral, selenium is important to human health. According to studies, selenium boosts the body’s ability to fight viruses, is essential for both male and female fertility, and …

A neurotransmitter…it is created by a biochemical conversion process that combines tryptophan, a component of proteins, with tryptophan hydroxylase, a chemical reactor. Together, they form 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin. It is …

Folding, rolling and sealing the edges of dough to produce the final shape of a loaf. After shaping, the dough may be placed in a tin or proving basket to …

What Is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism? A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, or SNPs (pronounced “snips”), is a tiny variation in DNA. It occurs when a single building block of DNA—A, T, …

Part of the BALM Protocol is to prioritise sleep. When it comes to the bread that you eat it is the increased fibre intake and a lower GI diet can …

Sodium is needed in small amounts by the body . It acts as an electrolyte, helping maintain the balance of water both in and around cells. Sodium is also essential …

Wheat varieties with a low protein content (around 10%). These wheats produce flour which absorbs less water and develops less gluten.

In the video above baker Dr Vanessa Kimbell gives you an overview of what a sourdough starter is, with particular references to make a sourdough boule. What Is a Sourdough …

Spelt (Triticum spelta) is an ancient grain thought to have arisen from a cross between emmer and wild goats grass. Spelt flour has a lovely, slightly nutty flavour, along with …

A mixture of flour, water and natural or commercial yeast that is allowed to ferment prior to making the final dough.

A grain that has been allowed to germinate before being used. Sprouted grains are lower in starch but higher in other nutrients than unsprouted.

A maintenance schedule to maintain and build microbial levels within your starter. The process we use to optimise microbe population in order to optimally ferment your dough. This involves continuous …

Flours milled using a traditional method between two horizontal stones. Stoneground flour is generally considered to be higher in nutrients.

100% extraction flour which is also known as strong white flour. The colour actually depends on many factors including the kind of grains and the milling process.

A set of three or more bread tins strapped together in a line.

What Is Stretch and Fold? Stretch and fold is a technique used to develop gluten structure in sourdough without over-mixing or kneading the dough. It involves gently stretching the dough and folding …

You will often heart me talking about subclinical.  One of the reasons that I use nutrigenetics testing is to better identify potential subclinical nutrient deficiencies. But what is subclinical and …

What are Synbiotics? Synbiotics are the combination of a prebiotic and a probiotic that work together to benefit both gut microbes and overall health. The synergy between these two elements supports the survival and activity …

Slowly raising the temperature of an ingredient that is sensitive to heat.

What Is TGR5? TGR5 is a receptor located in the gut, muscles, and brown fat. It responds directly to bile acids. When activated, TGR5 improves how the body burns energy …

Immune System The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other …

The temperature at which yeast is killed as the loaf is baked. This is 55-60oC (130-140oF).

A hybrid of wheat and rye, combining the yield of wheat with the disease resistance of rye.

An essential amino acid used to build proteins. It can’t be synthesised in the human body, so foods containing tryptophan need to be included as part of a healthy diet. …

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are products made mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods, along with additives. These substances include refined sugars, oils, fats, and salt, as well as artificial colors, …

Vitamin B1 belongs is one of eight essential B vitamins. It is a water-soluble vitamin and is used in nearly every cell in the body. It is important for maintaining …

Our bodies need vitamin B12 to maintain a healthy nervous system and to make red blood cells. The best dietary sources of vitamin B12 are meat, fish, dairy products and …

Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin found in grains, plants and dairy products. Only small amounts of this vitamin be stored in the body, so we need a daily dose to keep …

Vitamin B3 is a water-soluble vitamin which is part of the vitamin B complex. Like all B vitamins, niacin helps your body convert food to the energy it needs. Vitamin …

Vitamin B5 is found in wholegrains and many vegetables. Like the other B vitamins, vitamin B5 plays an important role in energy metabolism, helping convert dietary carbohydrates, proteins and fats into energy. …

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin with a range of health benefits. Most people get all the vitamin B6 they need from their diets. It is found in foods such …

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, which plays a role as an antioxidant in the body. It is an important vitamin, helping maintain healthy skin and eyes, supporting our immune system and …

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin which is used in the body to produce a protein that plays an important role in blood clotting. It is also essential in building strong bones, helping …

What Is VLDL Cholesterol? VLDL cholesterol is the larger, fattier precursor to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Your liver produces VLDL to transport triglycerides around the body. As VLDL delivers its cargo, …

A heavy, dark German whole grain bread.

Wheat is a type of cereal grain that has been an important staple food for thousands of years. It is a good source of nutrients and is used to make …

A flour milled from white wheat, which has a lighter and milder flavoured bran. White whole wheat is made from the whole grain, including the bran, germ and endosperm, unlike …

When I use the term wholegrain flour I consider this to be flour milled from grains from cereal plants which contain three different parts called the bran, the germ and the …

Wheat varieties that are sown in autumn for a crop the following year. The majority of wheat grown in the UK is winter wheat.

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are polymers of the sugar xylose and are produced from both prebiotic hemicellulose fibres, Arabinoxylan (AX) and Xylan upon their interaction with probiotics in our gastrointestinal tract. We …

A single celled organism that converts simple sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide through fermentation.

Here at the Sourdough School we use a wide range of wholegrain and ingredients in our flour. Whole grains, including whole wheat, oats, barley, bread, pasta, oatmeal, quinoa, and rice, …